Fossil Fuel: Energy Efficient Thermal Retrofit Options for Crude Oil Transport in Pipelines Full article
Source | The water-food-energy nexus: Processes, technologies, and challenges Monography, CRC Press. Boca Raton.2017. 792 c. ISBN 9781498760843. Scopus |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Output data | Year: 2017, Pages: 277-296 Pages count : 20 | ||||||
Authors |
|
||||||
Affiliations |
|
Abstract:
Pipelines are used to transport large amounts of crude oil over large distances (either overland or subsea), representing the most economical alternative. Flow assurance faces two main problems: viscosity increase due to gradual cooling of the oil along the pipeline and fouling deposition. These problems are especially important in very cold environments (Russia, Alaska, North Sea, deep oceanic waters, etc.) and when dealing with nonconventional oils, usually heavy or extra-heavy oil and waxy oils. In many cases, the depletion of deposits in conventional oil reservoirs is gradually leading to more extraction of these types of feedstock from remote locations. All these situations result in pipeline transport difficulties such as increased pumping costs, reduced flow rates, and the possibility of flow inhibition or blockage, with potentially major economic impact (Correra et al., 2007; Martínez-Palou et al., 2011).
Cite:
Diaz-Bejarano E.
, Macchietto S.
, Porsin A.V.
, Manca D.
, Depetri V.
Fossil Fuel: Energy Efficient Thermal Retrofit Options for Crude Oil Transport in Pipelines
Monography chapter The water-food-energy nexus: Processes, technologies, and challenges. – CRC Press., 2017. – C.277-296. – ISBN 9781498760843. Scopus
Fossil Fuel: Energy Efficient Thermal Retrofit Options for Crude Oil Transport in Pipelines
Monography chapter The water-food-energy nexus: Processes, technologies, and challenges. – CRC Press., 2017. – C.277-296. – ISBN 9781498760843. Scopus
Dates:
Published online: | Sep 11, 2017 |
Identifiers:
Scopus | 2-s2.0-85053513357 |
OpenAlex | W2754247050 |
Citing:
Пока нет цитирований