Catalytic Aspects in the Synthesis of a Promising Energetic Material Научная публикация
Конференция |
International Workshop "New Energetic Materials and Propulsion Techniques for Space Exploration" 09-10 июн. 2014 , Milan |
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Сборник | Chemical Rocket Propulsion: A Comprehensive Survey of Energetic Materials Сборник, Springer International Publishing. 2017. 1084 c. ISBN 9783319277462. РИНЦ |
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Вых. Данные | Год: 2017, Страницы: 697-724 Страниц : 28 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27748-6_29 | ||||
Ключевые слова | Acylation; Design; Hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane; Hydrodebenzylation; Optimization; Pd/C catalyst | ||||
Авторы |
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Организации |
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Реферат:
Synthesis of a promising energetic material CL-20 requires the two-step catalytic re-functionalization of N-bonded benzyl groups (CH2-C6H5) of hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW) into acetyl (-CO-CH3) or formyl groups (-CHO) over Pd/C catalyst before its direct nitrolysis into final CL-20 product. Utilization of an expensive palladium-based catalyst deactivated fast during reaction contributes substantially to a high CL-20 cost being a significant hurdle limiting wide application of CL-20 in a propellant formulation. In this work a careful systematic study was performed to improve efficiency, resistance to deactivation, and life-time of Pd/C catalysts as well as to elucidate the optimal hydrodebenzylation reaction conditions. The catalyst activity decrease for Pd/C was found to be caused mainly by agglomeration of metal nanoparticles, Pd re-deposition on inaccessible inner areas of the carbon support, and blocking of the metallic palladium with by-products of intermediates destruction. Different ways to enhance Pd/C catalytic activity through an improvement of Pd dispersion and resistance of Pd particles to agglomeration and re-oxidation as well as through an increase of Pd accessibility for large HBIW molecules were proposed. The two-step HBIW debenzylation with a separately repeated use of the catalyst in each catalytic stage was considered as a promising way to increase catalyst productivity and to diminish CL-20 production costs.
Библиографическая ссылка:
Simakova I.L.
, Parmon V.N.
Catalytic Aspects in the Synthesis of a Promising Energetic Material
В сборнике Chemical Rocket Propulsion: A Comprehensive Survey of Energetic Materials. – Springer International Publishing., 2017. – C.697-724. – ISBN 9783319277462. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27748-6_29 WOS Scopus
Catalytic Aspects in the Synthesis of a Promising Energetic Material
В сборнике Chemical Rocket Propulsion: A Comprehensive Survey of Energetic Materials. – Springer International Publishing., 2017. – C.697-724. – ISBN 9783319277462. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27748-6_29 WOS Scopus
Даты:
Опубликована online: | 20 авг. 2016 г. |
Идентификаторы БД:
Web of science | WOS:000399931600029 |
Scopus | 2-s2.0-85062365484 |
OpenAlex | W2515296225 |