Catalytic Aspects in the Synthesis of a Promising Energetic Material Full article
| Conference |
International Workshop "New Energetic Materials and Propulsion Techniques for Space Exploration" 09-10 Jun 2014 , Milan |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Source | Chemical Rocket Propulsion: A Comprehensive Survey of Energetic Materials Compilation, Springer International Publishing. 2017. 1084 c. ISBN 9783319277462. РИНЦ |
||||
| Output data | Year: 2017, Pages: 697-724 Pages count : 28 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27748-6_29 | ||||
| Tags | Acylation; Design; Hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane; Hydrodebenzylation; Optimization; Pd/C catalyst | ||||
| Authors |
|
||||
| Affiliations |
|
Abstract:
Synthesis of a promising energetic material CL-20 requires the two-step catalytic re-functionalization of N-bonded benzyl groups (CH2-C6H5) of hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW) into acetyl (-CO-CH3) or formyl groups (-CHO) over Pd/C catalyst before its direct nitrolysis into final CL-20 product. Utilization of an expensive palladium-based catalyst deactivated fast during reaction contributes substantially to a high CL-20 cost being a significant hurdle limiting wide application of CL-20 in a propellant formulation. In this work a careful systematic study was performed to improve efficiency, resistance to deactivation, and life-time of Pd/C catalysts as well as to elucidate the optimal hydrodebenzylation reaction conditions. The catalyst activity decrease for Pd/C was found to be caused mainly by agglomeration of metal nanoparticles, Pd re-deposition on inaccessible inner areas of the carbon support, and blocking of the metallic palladium with by-products of intermediates destruction. Different ways to enhance Pd/C catalytic activity through an improvement of Pd dispersion and resistance of Pd particles to agglomeration and re-oxidation as well as through an increase of Pd accessibility for large HBIW molecules were proposed. The two-step HBIW debenzylation with a separately repeated use of the catalyst in each catalytic stage was considered as a promising way to increase catalyst productivity and to diminish CL-20 production costs.
Cite:
Simakova I.L.
, Parmon V.N.
Catalytic Aspects in the Synthesis of a Promising Energetic Material
In compilation Chemical Rocket Propulsion: A Comprehensive Survey of Energetic Materials. – Springer International Publishing., 2017. – C.697-724. – ISBN 9783319277462. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27748-6_29 WOS Scopus OpenAlex
Catalytic Aspects in the Synthesis of a Promising Energetic Material
In compilation Chemical Rocket Propulsion: A Comprehensive Survey of Energetic Materials. – Springer International Publishing., 2017. – C.697-724. – ISBN 9783319277462. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27748-6_29 WOS Scopus OpenAlex
Dates:
| Published online: | Aug 20, 2016 |
Identifiers:
| Web of science: | WOS:000399931600029 |
| Scopus: | 2-s2.0-85062365484 |
| OpenAlex: | W2515296225 |