Abstract: Nowadays more than 90 % of all worldwide chemical technologies somehow use catalysts and catalytic processes, providing products of more than $5 trillion. The progress in chemical technology and engineering during last decades made it feasible and economically reasonable the implementation of some chemical processes at elevated temperatures and pressures – de facto often under sub- or supercritical conditions. The efficient usage of supercritical media in chemistry and especially in heterogeneous catalysis implies the benefit coming from the unique set of properties intrinsic to SCF that require the monitoring and controlling of not only the temperature, pressure and density, but also local concentration of reagents especially in the presence of solid surfaces in spatially inhomogeneous conditions. Historically the SCF attracts a lot of attention of Russian R&D institutions working in very different areas beginning from those concerning the development of very sensitive tools for high-speed chemical analysis and up to the thermophysics and nuclear fuel cycle. While considering the heterogeneous process the local phenomena can lead to significant changes in the rate of elementary reactions and certain physicochemical processes, that can affects for instance the selectivity of the catalytic process or blur the boundary between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis at all. Here we analyze the original approaches based on the SCF in the field of catalysis and related areas, which are in the focus of Russian R&D institutions. The review gives some examples concerning the heterogeneous (homogeneous) catalytic processes; the synthesis of catalysts, adsorbents, composites and related materials. The particular attention is paid to the physical methods that allow us to elucidate the peculiarities of SC fluids and related processes at the molecular scale.

Cite: Martyanov O.N.
The Heterogeneous SCF Processes for Catalysis and Related Areas – in the Focus of Russian R&D Institutions
In compilation Book of Abstracts 12th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids 2018. 2018.

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