Реферат: Transformation of fuels (fossil fuel, biofuels) into syngas or hydrogen is one of the most important tasks of catalysis in the energy-related fields [1–4]. Catalysts comprised of precious metals and/or Ni supported on fluorite-like, spinel or perovskite-like complex oxides with a high lattice oxygen mobility are known to be very efficient and stable to coking in reforming of a variety of fuels by using different oxidants (oxygen, water, CO2 and their combinations) [5–16]. Monolithic substrates with a good thermal conductivity are promising for providing an efficient heat transfer within the reactor to prevent emergence of hot spots/cool zones deteriorating performance [17–22] . Nanocomposite-active components selected by screening tests were supported on structured ceramic, metallic or cermet substrates and tested in reactions of CH4 and liquid fuels transformation into syngas at short contact times [8, 23–31]. A high yield of syngas approaching equilibrium values was obtained and a stable performance due to a high sintering resistance and coking suppression was demonstrated. For liquid fuels, especially real complex fuels (gasoline, diesel, etc.) and oxygenates (bio-oil, etc.), design of a unique monolithic evaporator/mixer unit comprised of thick foil Fecralloy substrate protected by a corundum layer supported by blast dusting and heated by passing the electric current [24] allowed to solve the problem of preparation of feeds with a high concentration of steam and liquid fuels with sufficient feed rates to test monolithic catalysts at millisecond contact times. This provided a possibility to compare performance of a series of monolithic/structured catalysts in realistic feeds containing different fuels at short contact times and elucidate specificity of their action as related to the nature of fuel, substrate and active component which is certainly required for design of compact and reliable syngas or hydrogen generators from a variety of fuels. In this chapter, results of such a comparative research aimed at elucidating specificity of such structured catalysts performance at lab-scale and pilot-scale levels using specially designed reactors and installations allowing to broadly tune the operational parameters (inlet temperatures and feed compositions) are considered. A special attention was paid to new types of structured heat-conducting substrates comprised of compressed Ni–Al foam, Fecralloy gauzes and microchannel washers protected by refractory corundum layers (Figs. 11.1 and 11.2, and Tables 11.1 and 11.2). Steam reforming of methane. To check the effect of the foam Ni–Al substrate characteristics on performance of these structured catalysts in steam reforming of methane, substrates with broadly varying density were prepared and loaded with the same active component(Table 11.1, samples 7.1–7.9). There is a certain trend in decreasing the loading of active component with increasing substrate density when using the same suspension and number of supporting cycles (3 in this case).

Библиографическая ссылка: Sadykov V.A. , Tikhov S.F. , Isupova L.A.
Structured Catalysts
Глава монографии Heterogeneous Catalytic Redox Reactions. Fundamentals and Applications. – De Gruyter., 2019. – C.231-246. – ISBN 9783110585865. DOI: 10.1515/9783110587777-011 WOS OpenAlex

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Web of science:	WOS:000636651000012
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