Реферат: Tungsten (W) is considered a critical and strategic material, the recycling of which has proved extremely important due to the substantial amount of W-rich waste and rising demand for W products. This study provides a sound technological approach for efficient utilization of bulk W, achieving a high W destruction rate (rw) of 0.3 g·cm−2·h−1 via electrochemical oxidation/ in situ reduction of W electrodes in oxalic acid under alternating current (AC) with varying symmetries to synthesize WO3-x nanopowders (NPs). Amorphous-crystalline dual-phase reduced WO3-x NPs featuring dense and porous nanoarchitectures were synthesized using asymmetrical and symmetrical AC, respectively. The nanoscale interconnecting flaky WO3-x structure arises from the synergy of high anodic voltage etching and the release of H2 microbubbles, boosting the exfoliation of WO3 flakes. The optimized WO3-x NP exhibits superior electrochemical and electrochromic properties, attributed to the increased surface capacitance alongside an extra contribution from intercalation pseudocapacitance. The number of WO3-x layers deposited by the spin coating technique and the annealing temperature have a significant impact on the electrochemical and electrochromic characteristics of the WO3 film. An increase in the transferred charge density (Q), coloring/bleaching time (tc/tb) values, and areal capacitance was observed, alongside a decrease in optical modulation (∆T) and coloration efficiency (CE) with an increasing number of WO3 layers. WO3 produced at a lower temperature outperforms WO3 treated at 400–500 °C, particularly in fast switching, enhanced efficiency, and reversibility. The ∆T of 68.7%, CE of 47.9 cm2·C−1, areal capacitance of 53.5 mF·cm−2, and reversibility close to 100% were achieved in H2SO4 for the optimized WO3-x film. The research aligns with the ongoing development strategy of the circular economy and validates the promising features of the efficient recycling of W-containing spent resources through an environmentally sustainable electrochemical approach.

Библиографическая ссылка: Ulyankina A. , Belichenko T. , Gorshenkov M. , Yatsenko A. , Kaichev V. , Smirnova N.
In situ Reduced WO3-x Nanopowders from Bulk Tungsten: One-step Electrosynthesis and Electrochromic Energy Storage Application
Tungsten. 2025. DOI: 10.1007/s42864-025-00344-x WOS

Даты:

Поступила в редакцию:	22 февр. 2025 г.
Принята к публикации:	16 мая 2025 г.
Опубликована online:	28 авг. 2025 г.

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WOS:001560755000001

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